AMD Ryzen 9 7950X & Intel Core i9 14900K: Ubuntu 22.04 vs. 23.10 vs. 24.04 Linux Performance
The newer Ubuntu releases tend to increase the graphics performance particularly if using Intel and/or AMD Radeon graphics where there are ongoing Mesa optimizations, etc. While Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS has the Mesa and Linux kernel back-port of the Ubuntu 23.10 HWE stack, in some of the Furmark benchmark runs Ubuntu 23.10 was still faster than Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS: potentially due to the difference in the GNOME desktop stack between releases.
The Linux 6.8 and Mesa 24.0 packages in Ubuntu 24.04 LTS did continue to help out the Radeon RX 7900XTX graphics (RDNA3) performance in some of the test cases.
The AMD RDNA3 open-source Linux graphics driver support has been stable and mature for gamers for many months now while it's nice to see new performance optimizations continuing to be reached.
For those sticking to Ubuntu LTS releases, the upgrade to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS is quite noticeable if you are a Python programmer or relying a lot on Python programs... Going from Python 3.10 on Ubuntu 22.04 to Python 3.12 on Ubuntu 24.04 means some nice performance improvements.